Readers’ Notes

Soviet Union and Stalinism

Guardian, 4 May 1996. Moscow, 21 March 1922, and The Caucasus, 25 March 1933, Arthur Ransome on the New Economic Policy, and Malcolm Muggeridge on collectivisation; W.T. Goode, An Interview With Lenin; Reinforcements Against Denikin; The Bid for Petrograd, from 21 October 1919 issue.

Observer, 5 May 1996. Zhang Xianliang, Madness, Mao and Mass Starvation, extract from his My Bodhi Tree on the Great Leap Forward.

International Workers Bulletin, 6 May 1996. Vadim Rogovin, The Origins and Consequences of Stalin’s Great Terror.

Workers Press, 11 May 1996. Peter Fryer, Trotsky and Artistic Freedom.

Socialist Worker, 25 May 1996. Paul McGarr, Trotsky 1906: On Trial for Leading the People.

Marxist Review, May 1996. Ray Athow, In Defence of Trotsky: A Reply to Dmitri Volkogonov.

Workers Liberty, May 1996. John O’Mahoney, Trotsky and the Jews.

Workers Press, 15 June 1996. Peter Fryer, That “Secret Speech”, memories of 1956.

Workers Vanguard, 7 June 1996. Richard Pipes: Exorcising the Russian Revolution. See also Paul Siegel, The Pipes School of Falsification, in 30 August issue.

Socialist Review, June 1996. Judith Orr, The Struggle for Power, Lenin’s State and Revolution.

Independent, 2 July 1996. Stephen Vines, Here They Met, Back in 1929 [sic], and Comrades Who Waste No Time on Ideals. Seventy-fifth anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Communist Party.

International Worker, 13 July 1996. Dick North and Richard Pipes, Leon Trotsky and the Moscow Trials, an exchange of letters.

The Times, 16 July 1996. Music and Art in Russia, Lunacharsky and the stage, from 16 July 1926 issue.

Guardian, 17 July 1996. Morgan Philips Price, Kronstadt After the Revolution, from 17 July 1917 issue.

Workers Liberty, July 1996. Max Shachtman, Remembering Leon Trotsky, and 1939: Trotsky and his Critics; Sean Matgamna, Trotsky and “Trotskyism”.

Socialist Review, July-August 1996. Sean Vernell, From Left to Centre, a look at Lenin’s Left Wing Communism.

The Times, 5 August 1996. The Famine in Russia, from 5 August 1921 issue.

The Times, 21 August 1996. Russians March into Czechoslovakia, from 21 August 1968 issue.

The Times, 24 August 1996. Moscow Trial Verdict, from 24 August 1936 issue.

Observer, 8 September 1996. Andrew Higgins, Westerners Keep Going to Mao’s March to Revolution, the Maoist tourist trail.

Guardian, 10 September 1996. Mao Poems Mark Anniversary, volumes 3 to 5 of his Collected Works published on the twentieth anniversary of his death.

The Times, 30 September 1996. Owen Matthews, The Death of a Party Man, investigation into the death of Boris Bikitov, a Ukrainian party secretary purged in 1937.

Workers Liberty, September 1996. Frank Higgins, When Stalin Murdered the Revolutionary Generation, the Moscow Trials; Max Shachtman, Trotsky’s Contribution to Marxism.

Independent, 20 October 1996. Teresa Poole, Long March, But It Was Worth It, interview with a veteran of the Chinese Long March.

Marxist Review, October 1996. Dave Wiltshire, Leon Trotsky and How the Revolution Armed, part one; parts two and three in November and December issues.

Socialist Standard, October 1996. Eddie Grant, Calling the Kettle Black, Ho Chi Minh’s massacre of the Vietnamese Trotskyists.

Observer, 10 November 1996. Paul Webster, Hero of the French Left “Sent Comrades to the Hangman”, Koral Bartosek reveals Artur London as a Stalinist agent. See also Jean-Jacques Marie, Lise London répond, Informations Ouvrières, 13 November; Jean-Jacques Marie, Les Truquers à l’oeuvre, Informations Ouvrières, 27 November; Jean-Michel Krivine, Les Archives de l’aveu, Rouge, 26 December; Jean-Michel Krivine, Bartosek, London et le travail d’historian; Les Supplices de la mèmoire, Rouge, 13 February 1997.

Sunday Times, 17 November 1996. Carey Scott, Fear Revisits Stalin’s House of Fear, the GPU’s headquarters.

Workers Vanguard, 22 November 1996. Peasant “Anarchism”, Pogroms and the Russian Revolution, Makhno and Soviet power.

Socialist Action (USA), November 1996. Moscow Conference Called to Commemorate Leon Trotsky’s The Revolution Betrayed. See also Marilyn Vogt-Downey, Moscow Conference Marks Sixtieth Anniversary of Trotsky’s Classic Revolution Betrayed, in January 1997 issue; Simon Pirani, Revolution Betrayed Discussed in Moscow, Workers International Press, February.

Workers Liberty, November 1996. Natalia Trotsky’s 1956 Broadcast to Russia; Max Shachtman, Trotsky and Marxism.

Against the Current, November–December 1996. Paul LeBlanc, On the Trotskyist Opposition; John Marot, A Rejoinder.

International Worker, 11 January 1997. Vadim Rogovin, Social Inequality, Bureaucracy and the Betrayal of Socialism.

The Times, 17 January 1997. Richard Beeston, Skeletons Revive Horrors of Stalin’s Purges, bones in the Tbilisi Security Ministry.

International Workers Bulletin, 27 January 1997. Vadim Rogovin, The Program of the Opposition Embodied a Genuine Socialist Alternative.

Weekly Worker, 13 February 1997. In Russia, from The Call, 8 February 1917.

Socialist, 28 February 1997. Christine Thomas and Helen Redwood, The Russian Revolution: Eightieth Anniversary: Opening Shots.

Marxist Review, February 1997. Jim Graham, Trotsky and the British Socialist Revolution, part one; part two in March issue.

International Worker, 8 March 1997. Because I Have Remained a Socialist, I am a Declared Opponent of Stalinism, interview with Nathan Steinberger.

Guardian, 18 March 1997. Moshe Pijade, Red Buffoon, from 18 March 1957 issue.

Independent, 27 March 1997. Stalin Finds Favour in Former Soviet Republic, nostalgia in Belarus; Keith Flett, Baffled by 1917? Just Ask Trotsky.

Sunday Times, 30 March 1997. John Harlow, “Brilliant” Historian is Accused of Plagiarism, fur flies as Richard Pipes accuses Orlando Figes of nicking lumps of his books. See also Orlando Figes, Historian Puts the Record Straight on Russia, Sunday Times, 4 May.

Socialist Outlook, March 1997. Alexandra Kollontai, International Women’s Day, from 1920.

Workers Liberty, March 1997. Clive Bradley, Eisenstein and Revolution.

Sunday Times, 6 April 1997. Sir Reginald Hibbert and Tony Northrop, Old Albanian Feuds, Enver Hoxha in the Second World War.

Marxist Review, April 1997. Mike Driver, Towards a New Revolutionary Art, Trotsky on art and the class struggle.

Workers Liberty, April 1997. Martin Thomas, State Capitalism in the USSR; Jim Noble, A Bureaucratic Revolution?

What Next?, no. 3. Jonathan Joseph, Lenin’s Concept of Hegemony; Max Shachtman, Lenin and Rosa Luxemburg; Bob Pitt, Lenin, Levi and Ultra-Leftism.

Black Flag, no. 207. Albert Meltzer, Why Ex-Kings are Dangerous, an inaccurate attack on Trotsky.

Europe-Asia Studies, Volume 48, no. 3. Ian Thatcher, Trotsky Studies After the Crash: A Brief Note.

The Hungarian Revolution, 1956

Independent, 25 June 1996. Adrian Bridge, Hungary Divided Over Martyr’s Case, the debate over Imre Nagy.

Independent, 20 October 1996. Neal Ascherson, A Land Once Fit for Heroes.

Independent, 21 October 1996. Paul Neuburg, My Class Struggle; Adrian Bridge, The Day a Nation Turned on Its Masters; Imre Karacs, Communist Rule Meant Singing Silly Songs.

Guardian, 23 October 1996. Julian Borger, How China Killed a Revolution, Chinese pressure on Khrushchev to crush the Hungarian Revolution.

Independent, 24 October 1996. Adrian Bridge, Hungarians Honour Heroes of 1956 Revolt.

Workers Press, 26 October 1996. Balázs Nagy, Hungary 1956.

Socialism Today, October 1996. Phil Hearse, Hungary 1956.

Militant, 1 November 1997. Dennis Rudd, Hungary: Tanks Replaced by Banks.

The Times, 6 November 1997. Iron Curtain on Hungary, from 6 November 1956 issue.

Socialist Outlook, 9 November 1997. John Lister, Hungary 1956: Turning Point for Stalinism.

Workers Press, 9 November 1997. Balázs Nagy, The Message of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution; Peter Fryer, The Day They Bombed Budapest.

News and Letters, November 1996. Raya Dunayevskaya, Hungary 1956: The Light of Freedom; Laszlo Gati, Hungary 1956 Recalled.

Workers Liberty, November 1996. Kate Buckell, Workers Against Stalinist Tanks.

International Worker, 8 February 1997. Sybille Fuchs, Hungary 1956: A Revolt Against Stalinism, part one; part two in 22 February issue.

Workers International News, March 1997. Peter Fryer, The Hungarian Revolution Remembered.

Labour Movement

Workers Vanguard, 12 April 1996. Joseph Seymour, Marxism vs. Anarchism: From 1848 to the Bolshevik Revolution; part four: Anarchism and Syndicalism in Pre-World War I Era; part five, The Syndicalists, in 24 May issue.

Workers Press, 20 April 1996. James D. Young, Hitler’s Fascism and German Socialist Resistance, 1933-44.

The Times, 2 May 1996. Sarah Baxter, Labour’s Patriotic Prophet, Eric Hobsbawm’s ideas. See also Andrew Roberts, Eric, A Chip Off the Old Soviet Bloc, Sunday Times, 5 May.

Militant, 3 May 1996. Bill Mullins, 1926 General Strike: When Workers Took Control.

Guardian, 8 May 1996. Alan Travis, From Peterloo to the Poll Tax, a history of protest.

Socialist Worker, 18 May 1996. Paul McGarr, Robert Owen: Boss Who Turned Against the System.

Rouge, 16 May 1996. Jan Malewski, Ignace Reiss, vie et mort d’un révolutionnaire, a Swiss film on Reiss; Rodolphe Prager, Les Nôtres, the murder of Pietro Tresso by the Stalinists.

Workers Press, 20 May 1996. Peter Fryer, Hobsbawm Wonders Why, a Stalinist history conference.

Workers Press, 25 May 1996. John Plant, Murders of Trotskyists in World War; Brian Pearce, Paris Commune; Cliff Slaughter, More on 1926 – and 1936, the General Strike.

Socialism Today, May 1996. Lynn Walsh, Betrayal of a Generation, the General Strike.

Workers Liberty, May 1996. DR O’Connor Lysaght, Lenin Got It Right, the Irish national question; Edward Conze, The Unity of Opposites.

Against the Current, May-June 1996. Charlie Post, The Flint “Sit-Down” for Beginners; Sol Dollinger, Flint and the Rewriting of History; Nelson Lichtenstein, A Comment on Historiography, the Flint strike and Stalinist interpretations.

Organizer, May–June 1996. Frank Wainwright, Leon Trotsky on the Formation of a Black Political Party.

Workers News, May–June 1996. Al Richardson, Scargill’s SLP in Perspective; Towards the New Workers Party, from Fight, 12 December 1936, a symposium on the Independent Labour Party.

Workers Liberty, June 1996. Stan Crooke, Stalinism and the British General Strike; Roger Clarke, The Nations and the Marxists; Tony Dale, The Essence of Shachtman; Edward Conze, The Unity of Opposites.

Socialist Worker, 8 June 1996. Hassan Mahamdallie, Bronterre O’Brien: The “Schoolmaster” of Chartism.

Weekly Worker, 6 June 1996. Why the Strike Failed: Communist Party Statement, from Workers Weekly, 4 June 1926; SL Kenning, Understand History: Don’t Repeat It, Communist affiliation to the Labour Party.

The Times, 14 June 1996. Child Communist’s Trip to Russia, Young Communist League trip, from 14 June 1927 issue.

Socialist Worker, 29 June 1996. Mike Simons, France 1936: Struggle Returns, But Who Will Lead?.

Trotskyist International, June–September 1996. Dave Stockton, The Fight for the Fourth International.

New Interventions, Spring 1996. Ted Crawford, Technology and Naval Mutiny; Paul Flewers, A Few Words on James Klugmann’s From Trotsky to Tito; Chris Gray, Trotsky’s Theory of Permanent Revolution; Dave Hollis, Will the Real Rosa Luxemburg Please Stand Up!.

Organise, Spring 1996. Anarchist Communism in Britain, a history.

Revolutionary Perspectives, Spring 1996. The General Strike, 1926

Socialist Worker, 6 July 1996. Hazel Croft, Tom Mann: Incitement to Class Struggle.

Independent, 13 July 1996. Nancy Sorel, When J. Edgar Hoover Met Emma Goldman.

Workers Press, 20 July 1996. Brian Pearce, Engels and Genocide; Charlie Pottins, Land and Liberty, Stalinist attempts to hijack André Breton.

Rouge, 25 July 1996. Gabriel Peyrot, Vrai semblable exécution; Rodolphe Prager and Gabriel Peyrot, Un interview d’Albert Demazière, the Stalinist murders of French Trotskyists in the Second World War.

New Yorker, 29 July 1996. Paul Berman, The Romantic Revolutionary, C.L.R. James.

Workers Liberty, July 1996. Jane Ryan, Starry-Eyed About James, C.L.R. James; Edward Conze, Contradiction and the Cause of Change.

Against the Current, July–August 1996. Charlie Post, Rethinking CPUSA History and The Comintern, the CPUSA and the Activities of Rank and File CPers; Paul LeBlanc, Letter on C.L.R. James.

Socialism Today, July-August 1996. Sam Baskett, Jack London’s Call of Socialism.

Workers Power, July-August 1996. Building the International in War-Shattered Europe, part five of the history of the Fourth International; part six, 1948: A Turning Point for Trotskyism, and part seven, The Collapse of the FI into Centrism, in September and October issues.

Guardian, 3 August 1996. Margaret Busby, Storming the Pavilions of Prejudice, C.L.R. James.

Guardian, 13 August 1996. James Meikle, Campaigners Seek Pardon for Welsh “Martyr”, Dic Penderyn, a participant in the Merthyr Uprising.

Socialist Outlook, August 1996. Salah Jaber, Seminar Discusses Ernest Mandel’s Open Marxism.

Guardian, 3 September 1996. Paul Webster, Old Comrades Trade Insults over Che.

Informations Ouvrières, 18 September 1996. Jean Boyer, André Breton et les procès de Moscou.

Workers Press, 21 September 1996. Charlie Pottins, Artist’s Rôle, Trotsky, André Breton and Diego Rivera.

Weekly Worker, 26 September 1996. William Gallacher, Wal Hannington, Albert Inkpin, Harry Pollitt, William Rust, Five Communists’ Message, jailed Communists protest, from Workers Weekly, 24 September 1926.

Workers Press, 5 October 1996. Phil Edwards, The Battle of Cable Street. See also Charlie Pottins, East Enders Stopped Mosley by Reversing CP Policy, in 12 October issue; Ruth Carlyle, Cable Street and the Defeat of British Fascism, Workers Liberty, October; Charlie Bain, People Power that Beat the Fascists, Independent, 7 October.

Socialist Review, October 1996. Clare Fermont, Workers’ Springtime, Rosa Luxemburg and The Mass Strike; Frank Henderson, Why I Became a Socialist.

Workers Power, October 1996. Clare Heath, Women and the Struggle for Socialism, Klara Zetkin.

Independent, 7 November 1996. Christopher Bellamy, The Reading Room Rebels, the defunct tradition of political exile in Britain.

Workers Press, 9 November 1996. Peter Fryer, In Defence of John Maclean.

Guardian, 16 November 1996. Richard Boston, Anarchy Amongst the Anarchists, a history of Anarchism.

Workers Liberty, November 1996. Sean Matgamna, The Life and Death of Peter Graham, 1945–71.

Rouge, 12 December 1996. Jean-Michel Krivine, Quand Staline “conseillait” Maurice Thorez, conversations between Stalin and Thorez on how to betray the struggles of 1945.

Bulletin, Autumn 1996. The Tragic Split in the Socialist International.

International Socialism, Autumn 1996. Ian Birchall, The Babeuf Centenary: Conspiracy or Revolutionary Party?

New Interventions, Autumn 1996. Paul Flewers, The Dog That Didn’t Bark, Tribune and Soviet foreign policy; Theodor Bergmann, After the Deluge: Rebuilding a Marxist Organisation in Germany After 1945.

Revolutionary Marxism Today, Winter 1996. Ernest Mandel, Vanguard Parties, a speech from 1983; Jim Miles, Joseph Hansen and the Marxist Theory of the State.

Workers Liberty, March 1997. Brian Pearce, How the Labour Party Began.

Daily News (Sri Lanka), 6 January 1997. T Perera, Appreciations: Edmund Samarakkody. See also T Perera, Edmund Samarakkody: A Pioneer of the Left Remembered, Sunday Observer (Sri Lanka), 5 January.

News and Letters, January–February 1997. Kevin Anderson, Uncovering Marx’s Yet Unpublished Writings.

Guardian, 16 April 1997. Chez Marx, a Prussian police spy looks at Marx’s house; Cheers to Marx’s Fine Tradition, Marx and Engels on drink.

Socialist Worker, 19 April 1997. Sam Ashman, Rosa Luxemburg: The Flame of Revolution.

Workers Liberty, April 1997. John O’Mahoney, The Apostle of Labour Solidarity, Jim Larkin.

Rouge, 1 May 1997. Eric Lafon, Une Interview de Raymond Vacheron, details of the murder of Pietro Tresso.

Lobster, no. 31. Charlie Pottins, How Britain’s Stalinists Spied on the Left.

Revolutionary Perspectives, no 1. The Indispensable Engels

What Next?, no. 2. Jean Van Heijenoort, The German Revolution in the Leninist Period, from Fourth International, March 1943.

What Next?, no. 3. James D Young, John Maclean: Clydeside Socialist; Edmund Samarakkody, The National Question in Sri Lanka.

Spanish Civil War Anniversary

Ham and High, 24 May 1996. Roger Blitz, Director Evokes a Glorious Revolution, inaccurate report of showing of Land and Freedom at Marx House.

Independent, 18 July 1996. Tunku Varadarajan, Civil War Taboo Keeps Spanish Historians Cowed.

The Times, 20 July 1996. Hugh Thomas, The Spanish Civil War: A Memoir.

Independent, 21 July 1996. Brian Cathcart, They Kept the Red Flag Flying, Stalinism and the Spanish Civil War.

Independent, 22 July 1996. Paul Vallely, Romancing the Past, a Stalinist view of the Spanish Civil War.

Militant, 26 July 1996. Mike Morris, The War for Land and Freedom.

Informations Ouvrières, 31 July 1996. E.N., À propos l’emission d’arte sur l’assassinat d’Andrès Nin, a film about Nin’s assassination.

Socialist Review, July–August 1996. Andy Durgan, The Spanish Revolution: Fighting on Two Fronts, a reply to Paul Preston that the New Statesman refused to publish.

Informations Ouvrières, 7 August 1996. A.T., Lettre de Barcelone, the murder of Andreu Nin.

Observer, 1 September 1996. Rita Grosvenor and Arnold Kemp, Spain’s Falling Soldier Really Did Die that Day, Capa’s famous Spanish Civil War picture.

Workers Press, 24 August 1996. Charlie Pottins, Copic’s Fate, the purging of the commander of the Fifteenth International Brigade.

Morning Star, 28 August 1996. George Hallam, Casting Light on Spanish Illusions, Stalinists still try to smear the POUM. See replies by Gerry Downing, A Putsch or Stalinist Counter-Revolution?, in 6 September issue; and Bob Pitt, Rôle of German Agents in the Puzzling “Putsch”, in 9 September issue.

International Worker, 21 September 1996. Vicky Short, Lessons of the Spanish Revolution.

The Times, 2 November 1996. Tunku Varadarajan, Carried Away to War, the International Brigades.

Observer, 3 November 1996. Neil McKenna, Heroes at Last, 60 Years After.

Guardian, 4 November 1996. Spain Honours Anti-Fascists.

Guardian, 9 November 1996. Adela Gooch, Spain Honours Its Debt to the Foreign Brigades.

The Times, 6 March 1997. The Ordeal of Madrid: Thirty Months Besieged, from 6 March 1939 issue.

Guardian, 18 April 1997. Robert Dawson Scott, Sixty Years On, Fighting a Threadbare Cause.

George Orwell and the Spooks

Guardian, 11 July 1996. Richard Norton-Taylor and Seumas Milne, Orwell Offered Writers’ Blacklist to Anti-Soviet Propaganda Unit, including a letter from Orwell to Celia Kirwan.

The Times, 11 July 1996. Ian Murray, Orwell Was Recruited to Fight Soviet Propaganda.

The Times, 12 July 1996. Derwent May, George Orwell’s Cold War.

Sunday Times, 14 July 1996. Andrew Roberts, Animal Farm’s Rich Crop of Humbug.

Independent, 14 July 1996. Ros Wynne-Jones, Orwell’s Little List Leaves the Left Gasping for More; Bernard Crick, Why Are Radicals So Eager to Give Up One of Their Own?.

Guardian, 13 July 1996. John Lawrence, Stephen Lutman and David Ross, Some Propagandists Are More Equal Than Others, correspondence.

Guardian, 13 August 1996. Mervyn Jones, Fears that Made Orwell Sneak on his Friends.

New Interventions, Autumn 1996. Paul Flewers, Orwell and the Spooks.

William Morris Centenary

Guardian, 27 April 1996. Fiona MacCarthy, Walls of Fame.

Guardian, 3 May 1996. Deyan Sudjic, Papering Over the Cracks.

Independent, 4 May 1996. Jonathan Glancey, The Sentimental Socialist.

Independent, 5 May 1996. Tim Hilton, Paper Tiger.

Guardian, 6 May 1996. Oliver Bennett, Underneath the Paper, William Morris’ Writing on the Wall.

Guardian, 8 May 1996. Paul Hardwick, S.C.M. McFarlane, H.E. Roberts, David Page and Roger Simon, replying to Sudjic.

Independent, 9 May 1996. David Grove, William Morris’ Socialist Dream.

New Statesman, 10 May 1996. Jonathan Glancey, A Peculiarly English Socialist.

The Times, 10 May 1996. Richard Cork, The Man Who Traded in the Best of Taste; John Russell Taylor, Did the Patient Seducer Have His Way?; Alison Beckett, Morris Round-Up.

Guardian, 11 May 1996. Martin Kettle, Defence of an Icon Who Still Inspires.

The Times, 11 May 1996. Karen Kay, Vintage Year for the William Morris Miners.

Independent, 12 May 1996. Clive Wilmer and Keith Flett, How Ruskin Saw Morris.

Observer, 12 May 1996. Roger Tedre, Future is Far From Rosy for Morris’ Red House; William Feaver, William the Plunderer.

The Times, 18 May 1996. Simon Jenkins, The Man Who Never Stopped.

Socialist Worker, 22 June 1996. William Morris: Seeds of Revolution

Socialist Review, June 1996. Solomon Hughes, A Bit of Agitation; John Plant, London’s Morris Legacy.

Socialist Standard, June 1996. Steve Coleman, Socialists, Saints and Muffin the Mule.

Workers Liberty, May 1996. William Morris, Ireland: Is Home Rule Enough?, from Commonweal, October 1895.

Workers Liberty, June 1996. Nicholas Salmon, Reclaiming William Morris.

Independent, 17 July 1996. Andrew Marr, Art Lessons for New Labour.

The Times, 23 July 1996. John and Kate Cooper, Exemplary Life of William Morris.

Independent, 28 July 1996. Dorothy Biltcliffe, William Morris Sadly Neglected.

Independent, 31 August 1996. David James, William Morris, Rest in Peace.

International Socialism, Summer 1996. Hassan Mahamdallie, William Morris and Revolutionary Marxism.

Independent, 7 September 1996. Dorothy Biltcliffe, William Morris’ Neglected Grave.

Independent, 10 September 1996. Michael Murphy, Grave Concern.

Socialism Today, September 1996. Margaret Jones, William Morris: Revolutionary Socialist Pioneer.

The Times, 5 October 1996. Death of Mr William Morris, from 5 October 1896 issue.

Socialist Campaign Group News, October 1996. Pete Willsman, William Morris.

The Times, 23 November 1996. Andrew Yates, Where William Designed his Wallpaper.

International Socialism, Autumn 1996. Paul O’Flynn, From the Kingdom of Necessity to the Kingdom of Freedom: Morris’ News From Nowhere.

Journal of the William Morris Society, Autumn 1996. Ian Birchall, Morris, Bax and Babeuf.

Obituaries

Alec Acheson, Trotskyist and supporter of this magazine. Charlie Van Gelderen, Alec Acheson: A Convinced Marxist Revolutionary, Socialist Outlook, 25 May 1996; C.V.G. and B.H., Alec Acheson: A Convinced Marxist Revolutionary, International Viewpoint, September.

Carl Cowl, veteran US Oehlerite. Carl Cowl: A Century of Revolution, Socialist Worker, 19 April 1997.

Deng Xiaoping. Derek Davies, Deng Xiaoping, Independent, 20 February 1997; Deng Xiaoping, The Times, 19 February; Richard Evans, The Man Who Mocked Mao; John Gittings, Deng Xiaoping: Marching Through the Storm, Guardian, 20 February; Deng Xiaoping and the Fate of the Chinese Revolution, International Worker, 8 March.

Michael Economides, International Brigade veteran. Lala Isla, Michael Economides: Strong Voice Against Fascism, Guardian, 28 December 1996.

Patience Edney, long-term member of the Communist Party of Great Britain. Martin Green, Patience Edney, Independent, 2 December 1996; Claire Tomalin, Patience Edney, Independent, 3 December.

William Forrest, International Brigade veteran. William Forrest, The Times, 31 October 1996.

Vivienne Goonewardene (1916–1996), wife of Leslie Goonewardene. Florence Wickremasinghe; Vivienne: Woman of the Revolution, Sunday Observer (Sri Lanka), 6 October 1996.

Vernon Gunasekera, first General Secretary of the Lanka Sama Samaja Party. ZM Razik, Kandy Bar Pays Tribute to Vernon Gunasekera, Daily News (Sri Lanka), 14 November 1996.

Yutaka Hanya, Japanese novelist, opponent of Stalin in the Japanese Communist Party. James Kirkup, Yutaka Hanya: The Never-Ending Story, Guardian, 29 March 1997.

Ellis Hillman, member of Revolutionary History Editorial Board. Jonathan Margolis, Flat Mates, Evening Standard, 26 April 1996; If There’s a Heaven, Then It’s Probably Flat Too, Camden New Journal, 9 May; José Villa, Ellis Hillman: Dedicated Revolutionary, Internationalist Bulletin, August; Albert Meltzer, Ellis in Wonderland, Black Flag, no 207.

Douglas Hyde, former Daily Worker writer, author of I Believed. Steve Parsons and Solly Kaye, Crisis of Belief, Guardian, 21 September 1996; Kevin Morgan and Bruce Kent, Douglas Hyde, Independent, 26 September; Douglas Hyde, The Times, 3 October.

Karel Kynel, journalist during the Prague Spring. Philip Spender, Freedom’s Late Spring, Guardian, 4 April 1997; Neal Ascherson, Karel Kynel, Independent, 3 April.

Frida Knight, minor Stalinist. Frida Knight, The Times, 1 November 1996.

Daniel Mayer, SFIO leader and Secretary of its wartime underground apparatus. Dave Bell, Drive on the Left, Guardian, 15 January 1997.

Albert Meltzer, Anarchist. Stuart Christie, Anarchy’s Torchbearer, Guardian, 8 May 1996; Nicholas Walter, Albert Meltzer, Independent, 9 May; Albert Meltzer, The Times, 15 May; Gary Younge, And When I Die, Don’t Send Me Flowers, Guardian, 25 May; Ros Wynne-Jones, After the Anarchy, the Comedy, Independent, 26 May; Charlie Pottins, Rascal, Workers Press, 1 June; Charlie Pottins, Under a Black Flag, Workers Press, 15 June; Sandra Barwick, Anarchy Reigns as a Comrade is Remembered, Daily Telegraph, 2 December.

Zdenek Mlynar, leading figure in the Prague Spring. Kate Connolly, Frost and Thaw in Prague, Guardian, 21 April 1997; Zdenek Mlynar, The Times, 22 April; Gabriel Partos, Zdenek Mlynar, Independent, 21 April.

Nick Origlass, Australian Trotskyist and supporter of Pablo. John Percy, Nick Origlass: A Life of Struggle and Principle, Green Left Weekly (Australia), 5 June 1996; John Minns, Nick Origlass, Revolutionary Opponent of Stalinism, Socialist Alternative (Australia), July; Paul True, Battler’s Politico Unafraid of Risks, Australian, 4 June; Nick Beams, Nick Origlass (1908–1996): A Trotskyist Fighter Destroyed by Pabloism, International Worker, 5 October.

Bob Pennington, Trotskyist. Bill Hunter, Bob Pennington Remembered, Workers Press, 12 October 1996; Peter Fryer, Remembering Bob Pennington, Workers Press, 26 October; Jane Kelly, Bob Pennington: Revolutionary Militant, Socialist Outlook, 9 November; Bob Wood, A Bookie’s Runner – But One Hell of a Recruiter, Socialist Outlook, March 1997; Patrick Avaakum, The Life and Times of Bob Pennington, part one, Workers Liberty, March, part two, Bob Pennington and the Trotskyist Archipelago, in April issue.

Raphael Samuel, historian. Bill Schwarz, Raphael Samuel: Keeper of Our Shared Memory, Guardian, 10 December 1996; Gareth Steadman Jones, Raphael Samuel, Independent, 11 December; Raphael Samuel, The Times, 11 December; David Selbourne, The Last Comrade, Observer, 15 December; Keith Flett, Raphael Samuel, Independent, 21 December.

Carl Sagan, astrophysicist who smuggled copies of Trotsky’s Revolution Betrayed into the Soviet Union. Joseph Bradshaw, Carl Sagan (1934–1996), International Workers Bulletin, 13 January 1997.

Pavel Sudoplatov, mastermind behind Trotsky’s assassination. Pavel Sudoplatov, Daily Telegraph, 8 October 1996; Jeanne Vronskaya, Pavel Sudoplatov, Independent, 30 September; Isobel Montgomery, Doing the Dirty Work of the Revolution, Guardian, 1 October .

Ken Tarbuck, member of Revolutionary History Editorial Board. Jim Dye, Ken Tarbuck (1930–1995), Workers News, May–June 1996.

Meyer Schapiro, US art historian and Trotskyist. Alan Wallach, Meyer Schapiro, 1904–1996, Against the Current, May–June 1996.

Ono Tozabuo, Japanese Anarchist poet. James Kirkup, Ono Tozabuo, Independent, 17 October 1996.

Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier, personal assistant to Jacque Duclos. Douglas Johnson, Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier, Independent, 14 December 1996.

Jorge Villaran, Peruvian Trotskyist leader. José Carlos, Jorge Villaran, Informations Ouvrières, 25 September 1996.

Ivan Vrachev, veteran of the Left Opposition. Victor G., In Memory of Ivan Vrachev, Workers Vanguard, 7 June 1996.

Wang Li, Chinese Stalinist. John Gittings, Wang Li: A Revolutionary Out of His Depth, Guardian, 24 October 1996; Wang Li, Economist, 2 November; Wang Li, The Times, 4 November.

Ryan Worrall, pioneer Trotskyist in Britain and scientist. Walter Kendall, Ryan Worrall, Guardian, 25 May 1996.

Reviews

John Archer, The Struggle for an Independent Trade Union by the Dockers in Merseyside and Hull During 1954–55. Richard Price, Healy and the Blue Union, Workers News, May-June 1996.

Chris Arthur, Engels Today: A Centenary Appreciation. Mike Driver, A Tribute to Engels, Marxist Review, November 1996.

Mikhail Baitalsky, Notebooks for the Grandchildren. Abraham Bromberg, A Better Lenin?, Times Literary Supplement, 23 August; Paul Siegel, Recollections of a Trotskyist Who Survived the Stalinist Terror, Socialist Action (USA), November.

Benigno (Colonel David Alarcon Ramirez), Vie et mort de la révolution Cubaine. Hugh O’Shaughnessy, How Castro “Betrayed” the Cuban Revolution, Independent, 26 May 1996.

Greg Benton, China’s Urban Revolutionaries. Neil Murray, China’s Urban Revolutionaries, Socialist Outlook, August 1996; Pierre Rousset, G. Benton sur le trotskysme en Chine, Rouge, 1 August; Ray Athow, Trotskyism in China, Marxist Review, July; Peter Main, Hidden History of the Chinese Revolution, Trotskyist International, January–June 1997.

Jasper Berker, Hungry Ghosts (on Mao’s Great Leap Forward). Jonathan Mirsky, Spirits Allowed to Speak, The Times, 20 June 1996; From the Messiah to Mao, Sunday Times, 26 May.

Robin Blackburn, The Making of New World Slavery. Darcus Howe, What We Owe to Slavery, Guardian, 20 March 1997; Anthony Julius, Chain Reactions, Observer, 23 March.

Pierre Broué and Raymond Vacheron, Meutres au Maquis, the Stalinists’ murder of Pietro Tresso. Jacques Faucher, Meutres au Maquis, La Commune, March 1997.

Vladimir Boukovski, Jugement à Moscou. Norman Stone, A Dissident Roaming the Kremlin Archives, Times Literary Supplement, 31 January 1997.

Pierre Broué, Rakovsky. Portrait d’un révolutionnaire, Rouge, 25 July 1996.

Paul Buhle, A Dreamer’s Paradise Lost: Louis C. Fraina/Lewis Corey and the Decline of Radicalism in the US. Kevin Anderson, New Look at Louis Fraina (Lewis Corey) and American Marxism, News and Letters, November 1996.

Tony Cliff, Trotsky 1927–1940: The Darker the Night, the Brighter the Star. John Marot, The Trotskyist Opposition, 1927-1940, Against the Current, September-October 1996.

Daniel Coquema, De Trotsky à Laguillier: Contribution à l’histoire de la IVè Internationale. Jean-Guillaume Lanuque, De Trotsky à Laguillier, ou le contre-example d’une histoire du trotskysme; Michel Lequenne, Notes sur notre histoire, Critique Communiste, Winter–Spring 1997.

Hal Draper, War and Revolution. Tom Rigby, Lenin, Trotsky and World War Three, Workers Liberty, September 1996; B.C., A Petit-Bourgeois Attack on Revolutionary Defeatism, Marxist Review, January 1997; Paul Flewers, New Interventions, Spring 1997.

Theodore Draper, A Struggle for Power: The American Revolution. Megan Trudell, Who Made the American Revolution?, International Socialism, Winter 1996; The Times, 5 April 1997.

Alison Drew, South Africa’s Radical Tradition. Charlie Van Gelderen, Socialist Action (USA), February 1997.

Andrew Durgan, BOC 1930–1936: El Bloque Obrero y Campesino. John Sullivan, New Interventions, Spring 1997.

John Ehrenberg, Proudhon and His Age. William Westwell, Proudhon and Marx, Marxist Review, February 1997.

Orlando Figes, A People’s Tragedy: The Russian Revolution, 1891–1924. Mike Haynes, Unreliable Witness, Socialist Review, October 1996; Norman Stone, Beyond the Revolution, Sunday Times, 18 August; David Pryce-Jones, Eager for the Smell of Blood, The Times, 29 August; Robert Service, Before Hindsight, New Statesman, 30 August; Andrew Solomon, The Peasants are Revolting ..., Observer, 6 October; Ken Smith, Russia’s Revolution: True and False, Militant, 10 January 1997; Erica Wagner, History of Russia Wins Book Prize, The Times, 26 March; Andrew Marr, Makers of Their Own Tragedy, Independent, 27 March.

Edmund and Ruth Frow, The Liquidation of the Communist Party of Great Britain. Harry Ratner, New Interventions, Spring 1997.

George Fyson, Lenin’s Final Fight. Adrian Budd, A New Life for Lenin, International Socialism, Spring 1996.

Donny Gluckstein, The Tragedy of Bukharin. Paul Flewers, New Interventions, Spring 1997.

Ernest Haberkern and Arthur Lipow, Neither Capitalism nor Socialism: Theories of Bureaucratic Collectivism. Paul Flewers, New Interventions, Autumn 1996; Alex Callinicos, State in Debate, International Socialism, Winter 1996.

J.L. and B. Hammond, The Labourer. Mark O’Brien The Bloody Birth of Capitalism, International Socialism, Spring 1996.

Neil Harding, Leninism. Bill Jenkins, Harding’s Lenin: Revised for the New World Order, Trotskyist International, January–June 1997.

Christopher Hill, Liberty Against the Law. Keith Thomas, Stolen From the Poor, Guardian, 24 May 1996; Jonathan Clark, High Hill, The Times, 30 May; John Rees, Land and Freedom, Socialist Review, June; Bill Jenkins, Christopher Hill: Culture of Resistance, Workers Power, July–August; Charles Townshend, Diggers in the System, Independent, 25 August; Brian Manning, A Voice for the Poor, International Socialism, Autumn.

Baruch Hirson, Revolutions in My Life. Vusi Makabane, Workers News, October–November 1996; Richard Owens, Revolutions in a Life, International Viewpoint, May.

Bill Hunter, They Knew Why They Fought. Richard Tyler, A Deliberate Falsification of Working Class History, International Worker, 7 September 1996.

Klehr, Haynes and Firsov, The Secret World of American Communism. B.C., New Documents From Soviet Archives, Marxist Review, February 1997.

Paul LeBlanc, Lenin and the Revolutionary Party. Adrian Budd, A New Life for Lenin, International Socialism, Spring 1996.

Lars Lih, Oleg Naumov, Oleg Khlevniuk, Stalin’s Letters to Molotov, 1925–1936. Martin Malia, Misanthrope, Cynic and Fanatic, Times Literary Supplement, 31 January 1997.

George Lipset, Rainbow at Midnight: Labor and Culture in the 1940s. John Newsinger, From Class War to Cold War, International Socialism, Winter 1996.

Ken Loach, Land and Freedom. Popular Front Strangled the Spanish Revolution, Workers Hammer, April–May 1996; Michael Schreiber, Land and Freedom: A Good Short Course on the Stalinist Betrayal of the Spanish Revolution, Socialist Action (USA), June; Valentine Cunningham, Comrades!, Independent, 20 July, the Stalinist backlash continues; Jack Jones, Derek Pattison and Brian Bamford, Across the Generations, Freedom, 3 August; Lessons of the Spanish Civil War, Revolutionary Perspectives, no. 1; Land and Freedom, A Film Made to Show that the Idea of Socialism is not Dead, Socialist Action (USA), October; Land and Freedom, Black Flag, no. 207.

Nestor Makhno, The Struggle Against the State and Other Essays. Lew, A Third Force, Socialist Standard, July 1996.

Shirley Manganis, Memories of Resistance. Francesca Patai, Women Chronicle Spanish Civil War, News and Letters, March 1997.

Brian Manning, Aristocrats, Plebeians and Revolution in England, 1640–1660. The Left Wing in the English Revolution, Marxist Review, July 1996; Mark O’Brien, The Class Conflicts that Shaped British History, International Socialism, Winter 1996.

Henri Miczeles, Histoire générale du Bund. Abraham Brumberg, Unbreakable Bund, Times Literary Supplement, 10 May 1996.

Wesley Muthiah and Sydney Wanasinghe, The Secret Files: World War 2 and the Sama Samajists. Richard Owens, International Viewpoint, May 1996; Richard Price, Workers News, May–June; Ray Athow, The LSSP: From Revolution to Counter-Revolution, Marxist Review, August.

Mary Nash, Defying Male Civilisation. Francesca Patai, Women Chronicle Spanish Civil War, News and Letters, March 1997.

John Newsinger, The Fenians in Mid-Victorian Britain. Mark O’Brien, The Class Conflicts that Shaped British History, International Socialism, Winter 1996.

David North, Socialism, Historical Truth and the Crisis of Political Thought in the USA. David Walsh, International Worker, 19 October 1996.

Richard Pipes, The Unknown Lenin. George Urban, Hang Them High, The Times, 14 November 1996; Simon Sebag Montefiore, The Documents in the Case, Sunday Times, 17 November; Ken Smith, Russia’s Revolution: True and False, Militant, 10 January 1997; Martin Malia, Misanthrope, Cynic and Fanatic, Times Literary Supplement, 31 January (see also correspondence between Malia and Pipes in 14 February and 7 March issues).

Mark Polizzott, Revolution of the Mind (biography of André Breton). Lachlan MacKinnon, A Total Revelation, Times Literary Supplement, 3 May 1996.

Elena Poniatowska, Tinissima (biography of Tina Modotti). Liz Jabey, Snaps of Modotti, Guardian, 27 February 1997.

Edvard Radzinsky, Stalin. Robert Service, The Great Terrorist, Guardian, 12 April 1996; Robert Conquest, Small Terror, Few Dead, Times Literary Supplement, 3 May; J.H., Sunday Times, 16 March 1997.

Al Richardson (ed.), In Defence of the Russian Revolution. Alistair Mitchell, New Interventions, Spring 1996.

John Saville, The Consolidation of the Capitalist State. Mark O’Brien, The Class Conflicts that Shaped British History, International Socialism, Winter 1996.

Cyril Smith, Marx at the Millennium. Chris Gray, New Interventions, Autumn 1996; Alex Callinicos, Socialist Review, June; John Robinson, A Sophisticated Attack on Trotskyism, International, July 1996; Mike Waddington, Marx at the Millenium, Socialism Today, May.

EP Thompson, Witness Against the Beast. Paul Foot, Crossing the River of Fire, International Socialism, Summer 1996.

Robert Thurston, Life and Terror in Stalin’s Russia, 1934–41. Robert Service, The Great Terrorist, Guardian, 12 April; Robert Conquest, Small Terror, Few Dead, Times Literary Supplement, 3 May; Terror Apology, Socialism Today, June 1996.

Hillel Ticktin and Michael Cox, The Ideas of Leon Trotsky. Bill Hunter, A Polemic Against Trotsky, International, July 1996.

Enzo Traverso, The Marxists and the Jewish Question. Peter Drucker, A Problematic Theory and Practice, Against the Current, November–December 1996.

Jürg Ulrich, Leo Trotski als junger Revolutionaer. Jürgen Quick-Tomasevic, Young Trotsky, International, July 1996.

Dmitri Volkogonov, Lenin: Life and Legacy. Paul Siegel, Volkogonov’s Assassination of Lenin, Socialist Action (USA), April 1996; Paul Flewers, New Interventions, Autumn 1996; Samuel Farber, The Uses of Volkogonov, Against the Current, July–August.

Dmitri Volkogonov, Trotsky: The Eternal Revolutionary. Robert Service, The Great Terrorist, Guardian, 12 April 1996; Abraham Bromberg, A Better Lenin?, Times Literary Supplement, 23 August; Corin Redgrave, Marxist Monthly, October–November; Penny Cole, Restoring Trotsky’s Place in History, Socialist Future, Summer; Susan Weissman, Trotsky Assassinated Again, Against the Current, July–August.

Robert Whymat, Stalin’s Spy (biography of Richard Sorge). Kevin Tool, When Not Cuckolding Husbands, Sorge was Carousing in Brothels or Covertly Photographing Top-Secret Code Books, Observer, 24 November 1996; Donald Cameron Watt, Out in the Cold, The Times, 14 November; Oleg Gordievsky, Sorge’s Sad Story, Times Literary Supplement, 17 January 1997.

Kent Worcester, C.L.R. James: A Political Biography. James D. Young, The Artist as Revolutionary, Workers Liberty, June 1996.

Valdislav Zubok and Constantine Peshakov, Inside the Kremlin’s Cold War: From Stalin to Khrushchev. Taylor Downing, Observer, 20 October 1996.

Zheng Yi, The Scarlet Memorial (on the horrors of the Cultural Revolution). Jonathan Mirsky, A Political Hunger Sated, The Times, 10 April 1997.

Revolutionary History, Volume 5, no. 4. Prométhée, First Quarter 1997.

Revolutionary History, Volume 6, no. 1. John Pole, Trotskyism in Poland, Socialist Standard, July 1996.

Revolutionary History, Volume 6, nos. 2/3. Daniel Joseph, Writing Marxist History, Workers Liberty, October 1996; John McKee, Revolutionary History, Workers Power, October; Prométhée, First Quarter 1997.