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Logic

Logic is the study of forms of thought which are used in reasoning, social practice and history.

Idealism: Logic is using a set of premises to come to a conclusion, without reference to context. However, all premises come from a certain context (i.e. ideas do not just drop out of the sky, but are created in certain circumstances) and the only way to create and verify a set of premises is by reference to the context from whence they come. When the premises are true, reason can be used to bring them to a conclusion; but without reference to context such a practice is idealist.

See Also: Various topics of logic: Induction, Deduction, Syllogism, as well as categories such as Individual, Universal and Notion. Logical systems: Dialectics of which Formal Logic is an aspect.

Further Reading: The Logic of Marxism by George Novack, Dialectics as Logic, by E V Ilyenkov and Getting to Know Hegel by Andy Blunden.

Logicism

Trend in the foundations of Mathematics associated with the names of Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell, which asserts that mathematics is a branch of Logic and can be constructed without recourse to material outside of formal logic.

See also: Formalism and Intuitionism.